ငါတို႔သမိုင္း

သူငယ္ခ်င္းတို႔ေရ....
၂၁ ရာစုရဲ႕သမိုင္းေၾကာင္းတေခတ္မွာ
ငါတို႔တေတြ အသက္ရွင္ခြင့္ရၾကျပီ။
အရာအားလံုးကို ငါတို႔တေတြမမွီခဲ့ေပမဲ့
ငါတို႔ေလွ်ာက္လွမ္းခဲ့တဲ့ေျခလွမ္းတိုင္းအတြက္
သမိုင္းဆိုတာက်န္ေကာင္းပါရဲ႕။.....
ဒီထက္ေကာင္းေသာ သမိုင္းေၾကာင္းေတြ
မနက္ျဖန္ဆိုတာရွိေနသ၍၊ ငါတို႔တေတြ
ဆက္ေရးေနရမယ္၊
ေနာက္ထပ္....ေနာက္ထပ္....ေနာက္ထပ္
အခါမလပ္စေၾကးေပါ့။...

သူငယ္ခ်င္းတို႔ေရ....
ငါတို႔နိဳင္ငံ၊ ငါတို႔တိုင္းျပည္
ခ်စ္ခင္ပါလွ်က္၊မုန္းခ်င္ေယာင္ေဆာင္ခဲ့တယ္။
သူမေကာင္းခဲ့လို႔၊သူမေကာင္းဘူးလို႔
ငါတို႔တေတြအျငင္းပြါးမေနၾကပဲ၊
သမိုင္းတေခတ္ရဲ႕ေျပးလမ္းေပၚကို
ငါတို႔တေတြအတူတူတက္ၾကမယ္။....
မ်ိဳးဆက္တိုင္းအတြက္၊ေနာင္မိ်ဳးဆက္က
လက္ကမ္းၾကိဳယူၾကရင္း၊ငါတို႔ဘ၀ေတြအသက္ရွင္ေနသ၍၊
သမိုင္းဆိုတာဆက္၍ ရွည္ေစရဦးမွာေပါ့။

ငယ္ဆူး

အျပင္စီးမဂၢဇင္း၊အမွတ္ ၆၊ဇြန္လ ၂၀၁၁။

နုငယ္ေရးတဲ့ အခ်ိန္တန္ရင္ အိမ္ျပန္ႀကတာေပါ့”

ဘယ္ႏွစ္ရာသီ ဘယ္ႏွစ္မိုးတိုင္ခဲ့ပီလဲ
ဇူးေရ
သိမ္းထုပ္ထားခံရတဲ့ ဆႏၵခ်ိဳခ်ိဳေတြ
မႈိမ်ားလိုက္ေနပီလားဟယ္
ေဆာင္းမရွိတဲ့ကြ်န္းမွာ
နင္ဘဝေရာ ခ်ိန္သားက်ရဲ႕လား
သူငယ္ခ်င္းေရ.....
ျဖစ္ခ်င္တာနဲ႕ျဖစ္သင့္တာ
အခ်ိဳးအစား ဘယ္တုန္းကမွ
မမွ်တခဲ့ဘူးေလ။
ကံတရားက ငါတို႕မွ
မြဲ မြဲႏိုင္လြန္းတယ္ဟယ္
ဒီေခတ္တစ္ခုမွာမွ ငါတို႕က
လူစျဖစ္ခဲ့ရတာကိုး
မိေဝးဖေဝးဆိုတာကိုက
ေခါက္ရိုးက်ိဳး ဘဝေလမ်ားလား။
ေခတ္ေတြ စနစ္ေတြ
ငါတို႕နားမလည္တဲ့ဘာညာေဗဒေတြနဲ႕
ခပ္ေဝးေဝးကသာေနလိုက္ေတာ့
ေသခ်ာတာက
အခ်ိန္တစ္ခု မွာ ငါတို႕အိမ္ျပန္ႀကမယ္ဆိိုတာပဲ။
အေနာက္ကုိေလွ်ာက္ပါလို႔ အေရွ႕ကိုပဲေမွ်ာ္ရေတာ့မယ္
ဇူးေရ...............
ပိေတာက္ေတြ ခေရေတြ စိတ္ကူးေလးနဲ႔
ခူးႀက ပန္ႀကတာေပါ့
အခုခ်ိန္မွာေတာ့ ဘဝပီသေအာင္
ကိုယ့္စိတ္ကိုယ္ခ်ိဳး ေရွ႕သို႕ပဲရဲရဲတုိးႀကရမယ္။
ဒါေပမဲ့.....
သူငယ္ခ်င္းေရ
ေရႊေရာင္ေတာင္ပံနဲ႕ ငါတို႕အိမ္မက္ေတြကို
ဘယ္လိုမွ်ားအစင္းစင္းနဲ႕မွ ပစ္မခ်လိုက္ပါနဲ႕
ဒို႕ေတြ အခ်ိန္တန္ရင္ အိမ္ျပန္ႀကရမယ္ေလ။
သူငယ္ခ်င္းေရ
မက္ေဒါနယ္နဲ႕ ကိုကာကိုလာထက္
က်စိမ့္တစ္ခြက္နဲ႕ မုန္းဟင္းခါးကို
ငါတို႕က ပိုခ်စ္တယ္...
ကမာၻေက်ာ္ ဘယ္ေနရာပဲျဖစ္ေစ
ငါကေတာ့ TIME SQUARE ထက္ အင္းယားကိုပိုခ်စ္တယ္
လြမ္းတယ္ဆုိတာ..ရင္မွာတေျမ႕ေျမ႕ေလာင္တဲ့မီးေတာက္ဆို
အဲ့သလို အလြမ္းေတြနဲ႕
ငါရန္ကုန္ကိုလြမ္းတယ္.....
သူငယ္ခ်င္းေရ...
ဇူးေရ
မိိုးေတြက မလိုတဲ့ေနရာမွာ ေစြလြန္းတယ္ဟာ
ေခတ္ကိုပဲအျပစ္တင္ရမလား စနစ္ကိုပဲအျပစ္တင္ရမလား
ဘဝဒိုင္သူႀကီးရဲ႕ ပြဲပီးခရာသံကိုပဲ
နားတစြင့္စြင့္ေနလိုက္ေတာ့တယ္။
အရုဏ္တစ္ခါလင္းတိုင္း
မွတ္မွတ္ရရရြတ္ဆို......
အခ်ိန္တစ္ခုမွာ ငါတို႕အိမ္ျပန္ႀကရမယ္။
သူငယ္ခ်င္းေရ
"လဲေနသူထူေပးပါ အားငယ္သူအားေပးပါ"
ငါတုိ႕ရင္ႏွီးခဲ့သမွ် စာသားေတြက
တခ်ိဳ႕ေနရာမွာ အသံုးခ်ခြင့္မရရွာဘူး
အတၱေတြ အေရာင္ထူ လြန္းသကိုးကြဲ႕။
ေနညိဳလာရင္ ငါတို႕မသိေအာင္
ဆႏၵတစ္ခ်ိဳ႕ေတြက အိမ္ခိုးခိုးျပန္ႀကတယ္
ေတာ္ရာမွာ ေပ်ာ္ေအာင္မေနႏိုင္သူရဲ႕
၀ဋ္နာကံနာ လို႕သာဆိုႀကပါစို႕။
ဇူးေရ
သူငယ္ခ်င္းေရ
ခ်စ္ေရ...............
ခရီးႀကမ္းမဟုတ္တဲ့ မာယာလမ္းမွာ
ငါတို႕ယံုႀကည္ခ်က္ေတြ မ်က္စိမလည္ေႀကး
ငါတို႕ ရင္မွာပ်ိဳးထားတဲ့
အိမ္မက္တစ္ပြင့္ကို....ရွင္သန္ပါေစ
ႀကီးထြားပါေစ....
ငါတို႕ေတြက
အခ်ိန္တန္ရင္ အိမ္ျပန္ႀကရမယ္ေလ...
အိမ္ျပန္ႀကရမယ္
အိမ္ျပန္ႀကရမယ္
အိမ္ျပန္ႀကရမယ္
အိမ္ျပန္ႀက....
အိမ္ျပန္...
အိမ္.........
အိမ္.......
.........................
.............................
.............................................။

ႏုငယ္

Source: thuriya.org

Read more: အခ်ိန္တန္ရင္ အိမ္ျပန္ႀကတာေပါ့” - Myanmar Network http://www.myanmar-network.net/forum/topics/3423487:Topic:155117#ixzz1coqNTLxt

ကရင္ေစ်းေရာင္း

` ကရင္ေစ်းေရာင္း  ​ - င္ေဟာင္းေလာင္း`ဆိုတဲ့စကားကိုၾကားဖူးၾကမလားမသိဘူး။ ကရင္ေတြေစ်းေရာင္းစားျပီ ဆိုရင္ အျမတ္မထြက္တဲ့အျပင္ လံုခ်ည္ပုဆိုးေတာင္၀တ္စရာမက်န္ေအာင္ တက္တက္ေျပာင္အရွံဳးေပၚ ရတဲ့အျဖစ္ကို စကားပံု ႏွိဳင္းထားတာပါ။ သေဘာအလြန္ေကာင္းျပီး ရိုးသားၾကတဲ့ ကၽြန္မတို႕ကရင္လူမ်ိဳးမ်ားဟာ   ေရာင္း၀ယ္ေဖါက္ကား စီးပြါး ရွာၾကတဲ့ေနရာမွာေတာ့ အားနာတတ္ၾကျပီး၊ တိက်ျပတ္သားမွဳ မရွိၾကတဲ့အတြက္ ၾကီးပြါးသင့္သေလာက္ မၾကီးပြါးၾကပါဘူး။

စာအုပ္စာေပ

မသိသူေက်ာ္သြား သိသူေဖာ္စား ဆိုတဲ့စကားကို ဆယ္တန္းသင္တဲ့ ဆရာတေယာက္ဆီက စၾကားဖူးခ့ဲတာပါ။ စာမဖတ္တဲ့သူမ်ားဟာ စာေပေတြရဲ့အက်ိဳးေက်းဇူးကို သိခြင့္မရသလို စာေပေတြကေပးတဲ့ အသိပညာဗဟုသုတ ေတြကို ဘ၀အတြက္အသံုးခ်ခြင့္မရၾကတာ အင္မတန္ရွံဳးပါတယ္။ စာအုပ္ၾကိဳက္တဲ့သူမ်ားကေတာ့ စာေပေတြက ေပးတဲ့ ႏွလံုးသားအာဟာရနဲ႔ ဘ၀အတြက္အားေဆးေတြကို အရသာသိသိေဖာ္ထုတ္မွီ၀ဲခြင္ ့ရၾကတာေၾကာင့္ အျမတ္ထြက္ၾကပါတယ္။စာအုပ္စာေပေတြဟာ လူေတြကို အသိပညာဗဟုသုတေပးျပီး ထိန္းေက်ာင္းပဲ့ျပင္ေပးတဲ့ ဆရာနဲ႔တူသလို ၀မ္းနည္းအားငယ္ခ်ိန္မွာ ေျဖသိမ့္ေပးျပီး၊ ျငီးေငြ႔ခ်ိန္မွာအပ်င္းေျပေစတဲ့ မိတ္ေဆြသူငယ္ခ်င္း ေကာင္းနဲ႔လည္း တူပါတယ္။

Passive voice နဲ႔ ပတ္သက္တဲ့ အေျခခံအသံုးအႏွဳန္းေတြကိုသိၾကျပီးသားျဖစ္မွာပါ။ ပံုေသနည္းေလးကို
မွတ္မွိလြယ္ေအာင္ ရိုးရိုးရွင္းရွင္းစာေၾကာင္းေတြနဲ႕ ေလ့လာနိဳင္ပါတယ္။


Present simple: am/are/is + past participle
                      e.g.The office is closed.

Present continuous: am/are/is +being + past participle    
                             e.g.The office is being closed at the moment.

Past simple: was/were + past participle
                  e.g.The office was closed yesterday afternoon.

Past continuous: was/were + being + past participle                             
                        e.g.The office was being closed last week.

Present perfect simple: have/has + been + past participle                          
                                 e.g.The office has been closed just now.

 Past perfect simple: had + been + past participle                                    
                              e.g. The office had been closed for two weeks.

Future: will/would/shall/should/+ be + past participle
            e.g. The office will be closed tomorrow.


Compare the active and passive sentence:
Active: Someone has invited Sarah to the party.
Passive: Sarah has been invited to the party.



Uses of the passive:
Passive ကိုသံုးေသာ အေျခအေနမ်ား

=>When we want to highlight the object; ကံ(ျပဳျခင္းခံရသူ)ကို ေပၚလြင္ေစခ်င္ေသာအခါသံုးသည္။
Millions of trees are destroyed by pollution every year.(Highlighting millions of trees)
သန္းေပါင္းမ်ားစြာေသာ သစ္ပင္မ်ားပ်က္စီးရတာကို ေပၚလြင္ေစခ်င္တာျဖစ္ပါတယ္။

=>When we do not know who or what does something; ဘယ္သူ၊ဘယ္အရာကျပဳမွန္းမသိ ရတဲ့အခါမွာလည္း သံုးပါတယ္။
My car was stolen last night. (I do not know who stole the car.)
ကားကို ဘယ္သူခိုးမွန္း မသိရလို႔ပါ။

=>When we are not interested in who or what does something; ဘယ္သူ၊ဘယ္အရာျပဳလုပ္တယ္ ဆိုတာကို စိတ္၀င္မွဳမရွိတဲ့အခါမ်ိဳးမွာကံ(ျပဳျခင္းခံရသူ)ကို စာေၾကာင္းေရွ႕မွာထားျပီးသံုးတတ္ပါတယ္။
Sarah has been invited to the party. (We are not interested in who has invited Sarah)
ဘယ္သူကSarah ကို ဖိတ္တယ္ဆိုတာ စိတ္မ၀င္စားပါဘူး။

=>When we do not want to say who or what does something, and when the subject is not important to mention; ဘယ္သူ၊ဘယ္အရာက ျပဳလုပ္တယ္ဆိုတာကို မေဖာ္ျပလိုတဲ့အခါ(သို႔မဟုတ္) ေဖာ္ျပရေလာက္တဲ့ထိ အေရးမၾကီး တဲ့အခါမ်ိဳးမွာလည္း Passiveကိုသံုးပါတယ္။
The house is being painted at the moment. (not necessary and not important to say who are painting)
ဘယ္သူေဆးသုတ္တယ္ဆိုတာကို ေဖာ္ျပဖို႔အေရးမၾကီးပါဘူး။


Task: Kindly write 5-10 sentences using Passive.Thanks
စိတ္၀င္စားရင္ Passive စာေၾကာင္း ငါးေၾကာင္းကေန ဆယ္ေၾကာင္းေလာက္ ေရးၾကည့္ေစခ်င္ပါတယ္။

ေက်းဇူးတင္ပါတယ္။



Read more: The Passive: General - Myanmar Network http://www.myanmar-network.net/forum/topics/the-passive-general#ixzz1Y7eK7zI5

စဥ္းစားမိသမွ်

ဒီေန႕ေခတ္လူေတြ ဂုဏ္သိကၡာကိုဘာနဲ႔တိုင္းတာၾကပါသလဲ။ ပညာရွိသူေတာ္ေကာင္းေတြကေတာ့ ကိုယ္ က်င့္သီလ စင္ၾကယ္မွဳနဲ႔ တိုင္းတာၾကေပလိမ့္မယ္။ ကၽြန္မငယ္ငယ္က ပညာတတ္ပုဂၢိဳလ္မ်ားကိုေလးစားအား က်ခဲ့တာေၾကာင့္ ပညာတတ္ရင္ဂုဏ္ရွိတယ္လို႔ထင္မွတ္ခဲ့ပါတယ္။ ျမိဳ႕နယ္ဆရာ၀န္ၾကီးတို႔၊ တကၠသိုလ္ ပါေမာကၡတို႔ဆိုရင္ ကၽြန္မအင္မတန္အထင္ၾကီးအားက်ခဲ့ပါတယ္။ မ်ိဳးဆက္သစ္ေတြကို ပညာထူးခၽြန္ေစခ်င္ တဲ့ရြာကဆရာမ်ားဟာ ပညာတတ္တစ္ေယာက္ျဖစ္ရျခင္းရဲ့ ဂုဏ္ပုဒ္ေတြကိုအားက်ေအာင္ ေျပာျပျပီးသြန္ သင္ဆံုးမခဲ့တာေတြက ကၽြန္မအေပၚ အလြန္ပဲၾသဇာသက္ေရာက္ခဲ့ပါတယ္။

Teach philosophy in our schools

We share the view that introducing philosophy lessons in the classroom from a very early age would have immense benefits in terms of boosting British schoolchildren's reasoning and conceptual skills, better equipping them for the complexities of life in the 21st century, where ubiquitous technology and rapid social change are the order of the day. There is a growing body of evidence that philosophy can be of huge importance in opening up young minds. Reasoning skills and habits improve learning in other subjects on the curriculum and do not require purchasing expensive equipment and classroom resources.

The long-term imperative must be to recruit more specialist philosophy teachers and to increase the number of philosophy graduates. However, in the short to medium term we also call for the introduction of a new specialist teacher training diploma in philosophy. It is our opinion that this will make sure children from all backgrounds get the advantages philosophy at a young age can bring in terms of intellectual and social development.

guardian.co.uk, Tuesday 13 September 2011 20.59 BST

Article history

ECOLOGICAL APPROACH TO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PROMOTION

Public health guidelines for (young) adults prescribe that regular bouts of exercise (i.e. three days per week for a minimum of 20 min per bout (Haskell et al., 2007) are needed in order to accrue well-documented health benefits, including the prevention of weight gain (Kromhout, Bloemberg, Seidell, Nissinen, & Menotti, 2001) and reduced risk for cardiovascular diseases (Aadahl et al., 2009). However, large segments of the population are currently insufficiently active to meet these guidelines and fail to achieve these health benefits.

Physical exercise also has an impact on cognitive functioning in children and a beneficial impact on different aspects of brain functioning during development. (Dave and Mathilde). Among older adults, a stronger physically-active identity is associated with higher self-regulatory efficacy and proximal intentions/goals, more frequent physical activity and greater well-being (satisfaction with life).

            Physical inactivity is currently acknowledged as a serious public health burden throughout the industrialized world (US; Villeneuve and World). Traditional physical activity promotion interventions that employ individual approaches have demonstrated limited success in promoting long-term maintenance ( Dishman and Marcus). Correlational research testing theories and models focusing on these same individual dispositions explain, at best, 20–40% of the variance in physical activity. As a result, recent calls have been made for consideration of broader, multilevel, ecological approaches to physical activity promotion.

Graham J. Mackay and James T. Neill (2009) conducted a quasi-experimental study on the effect of “green exercise” on state anxiety and the role of exercise duration, intensity, and greenness. Results indicated a significant reduction in participants' state anxiety following green exercise experiences. Previous studies have generally supported the notion that environments with more natural features tend to be preferred and that they tend to be associated with more positive physical and mental health outcomes. Numerous mechanisms have been posited for changes in psychological states during and following physical exercise. For example, physiological changes (such as increases in body temperature), beta endorphins, and parasympathetic activity, and reductions in muscle tension and excitability of the central nervous system may contribute to the anxiety-reducing effects of exercise.

Some studies have found that anxiety is reduced by both exercise and by quiet rest. Pretty et al. (2007)  found that green exercise led to significant improvements in self-esteem and decreases in mood disturbance. Given the economic and psychological cost of rising lifestyle-related illnesses, green exercise is emerging as a potentially important contributor to public and environmental health.

  References:

Dave E. & Mathilde St-L. D. (2010). The effect of acute physical exercise on cognitive function during development. Psychology of Sport and Exercise,
Volume 11(2), 122-126 .

Graham J.M. & James T. N. (2010 ). The effect of “green exercise” on state anxiety and the role of exercise duration, intensity, and greenness: A quasi-experimental study. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 11(3), 238-245.

John C.S. & Rebecca E.L. (2003). Toward a comprehensive model of physical activity.

Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 4(1), 7-24

 Philip M. W., Wendy M. R., Paul J. C., Craig H., James H. &  Shawn N. F.(2004). The relationship between commitment and exercise behavior. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 5 (4), 405-421.

Shaelyn M. S., Lawrence R. B., Kevin S. & Karen G., (2010). Older adults' physically-active identity: Relationships between social cognitions, physical activity and satisfaction with life. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 11(2), 114-121